Vehicle safety device

ABSTRACT

The disclosure relates to a vehicle occupant restraint device. The device comprises a resilient pad for restraining the occupant, a transversely extending rigid support crossmember for disposing the pad in spaced proximity to the occupant&#39;&#39;s torso and a horizontal adjustment mechanism which permits adjustment of the horizontal spacing between the occupant&#39;&#39;s torso and the pad while preserving the disposition of the pad in an attitude parallel to the transverse general plane of the occupant&#39;&#39;s torso. The device also may include an automatic operation system for positively restraining an occupant on accident impact.

United States Patent [191 Monaghan June 26, 1973 VEHICLE SAFETY DEVICE Inventor: James Monaghan, 11849 Clifton Boulevard, Apt. 204 A, Lakewood,

Ohio 44107 Filed: July 16, 1971 Appl. No.: 163,379

US. Cl. 180/103, 280/150 B Int. Cl. B60r 21/06 Field of Search 280/150 B;

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,805,081 9/1957 Frimet 280/150 B 3,640,572 f2/1972 Doehler....,....l'...=...;...... 280/150 AB FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 264,159 12/1964 Australia 280/150 B accident impact.

Primary Examiner-Leo Friaglia Assistant Examiner-Robert R. Song Attorney-Albert R. Teare et a1.

[57] ABSTRACT The device also may include an automatic operation system for positively restraining an occupant on 56 Claims, 12 Drawing Figures PAIENIEDJUIZS I975 3. 741. 330

INVENTOR.

JAMES MONAGHAN BY ATTORNEYS PAIEN-IEDJUIZB I913 3.741. 330

saw 2 If 4 To come a souncz or CONTACT 94 paessumzzo m BATTERY 8 Am CONTACT 97 FIGIO INVENTOR.

I32 A; JAMES MONAGHAN ATTORNEYS PAIENIEDmzs ma 3. 741. 330

INVENTOR.

JAMES MONAGHAN BY ATTORNEYS PAIENIEBmzs ms 7 3.741.330

CLUTCH INVENTOR.

JAMES MONAGHAN BY 7% 2M fizz/"um ATTORNEYS VEHICLE SAFETY DEVICE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a vehicle occupant safety device, particularly to an occupant restraint device.

Restraining safety devices previously used have primarily comprised fabric belts which were secured across one or more portions of the occupants body, such as across the abdomen and chest. When using these devices, the vehicle occupant was confined in place and unable to move within the vehicle without completely releasing the device. In the event of an accident, these restraints might jam and trap the occupant. Since the occupant could not move within the vehicle without releasing the device, reaching for the glove compartment or paying a toll required release of the device and was, therefore, inconvenient. In addition, the belts, while not in use, tend to get trapped with adjacent seats or drag on the floor. Further, handicapped persons with only one arm or hand had difficulty in locking the belts in place. I

In addition, these former devices were not readily adapted to automatic operation for positively restraining the occupant on accident impact. Proposed automatic passive restraint devices contemplate the restraint surface passing very rapidly across a distance to contact the occupant. This action may cause injury to the occupant and could instill fear of the restraint in the occupant.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The vehicle occupant restraint device of the present invention comprises a resilient pad for restraining the occupant, a transversely extending rigid support crossmember for locating and orienting the pad in horizontally spaced proximity to the occupants torso and a horizontal adjustment mechanism which permits adjustment of this spacing, while preserving the orientation of the pad in its attitude parallel to the transverse general plane of the occupants torso. Preferably, this adjustment mechanism comprises a transverse pivot shaft which rotationally mounts a rotatable support arm and an associated vertical support arm. The vertical orientation of the vertical arm is maintained by a planetary action mechanism coacting between the pivot shaft and the vertical arm. The adjustment mechanism is releasably lockable by means of a clutch which coacts between the pivot shaft and the rotatable arm. In a modified form of the present invention a system is provided for automatically positively restraining the occupant on accident impact.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a vehicle occupant restraint of optimum size and positioning in front of the occupants torso while keeping rigid supporting structure to a minimum. It is also an object to provide convenient adjustment and retraction of the device, even for handicapped persons, while minimizing the possibility of accidental disengagement of the restraint. Preferably, the restraint is easily accessible for service, or even quick removal in the event of an accident.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a restraint device which can be readily modified to have automatic passive operation for restraining the occupant on accident impact. In this modified form of the present invention, it is an object to apply the restraint from a point in close proximity to the occupant and to apply the restraining force to the occupants body at a low pressure and thereafter increase it to a desired maximum. It is a still further object to provide a restraint device which does not instill fear in the occupant and is convenient and attractive to the occupant so as to encourage use.

These and other objects and advantages may be found in the following disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a front elevation view, partially cut away, illustrating the restraint device 1 of the present invention installed in a vehicle;

FIG. 2 is a side elevation view, partially cut away and partially in section, illustrating the device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged front elevation view, partially cut away and partially in section, illustrating the clutch mechanism 12 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3A is a front elevation view,'partially cut away and partially in section, illustrating a modified embodiment of a clutch mechanism 12 for use in the device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a front elevation, view partially cut away and partially in section, of a lower portion of the device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4A is a front elevation view, partially cut away and partially in section, illustrating a modified embodiment of the lower portion shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 5 is a side elevation view, partially in section, taken along the line 5-5 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is aside elevation view taken along the line 6-6 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a side elevation view taken along the line 7-7 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 8 is a side elevation view along the line 8--8 of FIG. 4 of the lower portion of the device shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic representation of the clutch actuation system of the preferred embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic representation of the automatic restraint system of a modified embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The preferred embodiment of the restraint device 1 of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 1, comprises a resilient restraint pad 2, a pad support crossmember 4 mounted for limited angular movement in a transversely extending, vertical plane and a horizontal adjustment mechanism. This mechanism comprises a vertically oriented support arm 6 for preserving the aforesaid angular movement of the pad 2 and crossmember 4 while permitting horizontal adjustment of the pad 2 with respect to the vehicle occupant O; a rotatable support arm 8 for moving the aforesaid members which rotates in a longitudinally extending, vertical plane; a transverse pivot shaft 10 for the arm 8; and a clutch mechanism 12 which releasably locks the pivoted arm 8 to the stationary pivot shaft 10.- This construction releasably locks the restraint pad 2 in a horizontally adjusted position in proximity with the front of the occupants torso and restrains him from striking the forward portions of the vehicle while minimizing the amount of structure infront of the occupant.

In operating the device from its retracted position (the dotted line showing inFIG. 2) in which the pad2 is in its uppermost position and situated rearwardly of j the occupant, the occupant reaches up toa convenient shoulder height and grasps the crossmember. 4 and pulls it forward to a ready position (the dot-dash showing of FIGS. 1 and 2) slightly in front of him. He then draws the pad 2 and its associated crossmember 4 down in front of him and adjuststhe horizontal spacing of the back into the ready position. During this operation, the

clutch 12remains locked in the adjusted position until released.

In the preferred form of the restraint device 1, the stationary pivot shaft is mounted on and supported by the occupants seat assembly. This mounting site permits the occupant to adjusthis seat forward or backward with respect-to the vehicle without affecting the horizontal orientation of the device 1 with respect to himself.-Where the se'ats angular orientation can be adjusted, such as by canting backward, it is preferred that the shaft 10 be mounted on the seat so as to angularly move with the seat and occupant.

The transverse orientation of the shaft 10 with respect to the vehicle and occupant provides a transverse pivot axis for the rotation of the rotatable support arm 8 in its longitudinally extending, vertical plane. To provide firm mounting of the device 1, the opposed end of the shaft 10 is fixedly secured to the vehicle, preferably to the seat, as aforesaid.

The rotating arm, as may be seen in FIG. 4, is biased and urged rearwardly by a helical torsion spring l8'on the shaft 10 so that the arm 8 will tendto rotate rearwardly when it is The inner face 110 of the enlarged diameter portion 108 abuts the sprocket collar and acts as a stop against outward transverse travel of the arm 8. The camming collars 100 and 102 are held in place and the air gap between the disc 32 and the plate 104 is adjusted by an adjustmentcollar 111 and a lock collar 112 which are threaded onto the enlarged diameter portion 108. The outer camming collar 100 is freely rotatable on the enlarged diameter portion 108 while the inner camming collar 1 02 is fixed against rotation on the enlarged diameter portion 108 by the key 113 attached to 102 but can slide transversely along slot 109 in the enlarged diameter portion 108. Therefore, upon rotation of the outer camming collar 100, such as by a handle 114, the inclined camming faces ride against each other, pushing the inner camming collar 102 in wardly away from the outer collar 100 and the threaded collars 111 and 112. This causes the key 113 to slide along the slot 109, and the inner collar 102 to thrust the disc 32 against plate 104 via the structure of arm 8. free to rotate. The convolutions of this spring 18 encompass the shaft 10 and extend lengthwise of it, thereby saving space. If desired, a tubular cover for the spring 18 can be provided which encompasses both it and the shaft 10. One end 19 of the spring 18 is fixedly mounted to the shaft 10 by an arm 20 of a stationary collar 22 affixed to it. The opposite end 24 of spring 18 is rotationally moveable and engages an arm 26 extending transversely from the lower end ofthe rotatable support arm 6 (FIGS. 4 and 8). This provides the aforementioned rearward biasing of the rotatable arm 8.

. a The rotatablearm 8. is rotatably attached at its lower 7 end to the transverse pivot shaft 10 so that it will rotate in a vertical plane which extends longitudinally of the 1 vehicle and also perpendicularly to the general plane of g the occupants torso. Preferably, it is mounted on the outer end of the transversepivot shaft 10 so that it is situated between the occupant and the outside of the vehicle, thereby providing convenient access to it. Preferably, the arm 8 is secured to therod 10by an annular collar and a lock pin 16 (FIGS. 1, 3,4, and 7) which are affixed to the pivot shaft 10. The transverse positioning ofthearm 8 on the shaft 10 is effected by the same collar 14 and the clutch 12.

The rotatable arm 8 is provided with inner and outer circular bosses, 28and 30 respectively, which are jour- I 'naled for rotation on internal extensions 15 and 15 of the collar 14 (FIG.3) and which act as bearings for the arm 8. Both bosses 28 and 30 also act to transversely. position the arm 8 on the shaft 10. An enlarged diameter portion 15 of the internal extension of collar 14 also prevents outwa'rdtransverse shifting of the arm 8. A slotted reduced diameter portion 15' on the extension of collar 14 permits the arm 8 to shift transversely in wardly on actuation of the electromagnetic clutch 12. The exposed inner face of the inner boss 28 is provided with a magnetizable friction disk or pad 32 which, on

actuation of the electromagnetic clutch l2, coacts with the clutch 12 to lock the arm 8 in a fixed position. This locking action also locks the horizontal position of the restraint pad'2, as well. The actuation of the electromagnetic clutch 12 causes the disc 32 to draw against a front and rear stops (FIG. 8), 34 and 36 respectively.

than 45from the vertical (such as during a slippage of In the form shown, the front stop comprises a spring loaded piston 38 which rides in a cylindrical hole 40 in the front stop support bracket 42 to provide a resilient fail safe'action. The piston 38 has a convex face which I abuts against a wear plate 44 on the forward side of the I arm 8. Preferably, the pistons axis of movement isdepressed at an angle of about 45 from the vertical so that the arm 8 can swing forward about 45 from the vertical. When the arm 8 is depressed forward more the clutch 12 onsevere impact in an accident), the

spring urged, forward stopwould resiliently resist this 1 v extreme depression until the forward force pushed the 1 piston face below the cylinder mouth, at which point the forward edge of the arm 8 would finally abut the rigid support bracket 42. This provides the aforesaid resilient fail safe action. The rear stop 36 is rigid and comprises a longitudinal support bracket 48 and an L- shaped stop bracket 46 which extends transversely of i it and limits the rearward rotation of the support arm 8. This stop 36 is oriented so that the pivoted arm 8 can be rearwardly depressed about 45 from the vertical.

The upper end of the pivoted arm 8 is provided with inner andouter integral bosses 50 and 52 respectively, which are joumaled for the rotation of an upper transverse shaft 54. This shaft 54, in turn, mounts the vertical arm 6 on the rotatable arm 8. While this shaft is free to rotate on the rotatable arm 8, it is fixedly secured to vertical arm 6 such as by having square headed ends 56 of increased dimension and lock pins 58 extending through the shaft 54 and arm 6. (FIGS. 5 and 6).

Means for maintaining the vertical orientation vof the vertical arm 6 coact between this upper transverse shaft 54 and the lower transverse pivot rod 10. In the form shown, this means is housed within the rotatable arm 8 for convenience and safety. Accordingly, the arm 8 is hollow or tubular with an access plate 60 bolted to its lower end and a journaled convex access cover 62 bolted on its upper end. As shown, the upper access cover 62 is tapbolted through the integral bosses 50 and 52 to the rotatable arm 8 (FIG. 5). This construction safely and effectively encloses an orientation maintenance means while still providing easy service access.

In the form shown, the vertical orientation maintenance means is a planetary action chain and sprocket drive which comprises a lower sprocket 64, an upper sprocket 66 and an interconnecting chain 68. The lower sprocket 64 is rigidly fixed against rotation by a square key which fits into a slot on the reduced diameter extension and one on the sprocket itself. However this key and slot arrangement does permit the lower sprocket 64 to shift transversely along with the arm 8 as the clutch 12 is engaged and disengaged since the slot on the sprocket 64 is longer than the key. The upper sprocket 66 has a square aperture and is rigidly fixed against rotationon a central, squared portion 56' of the shaft 54 which isthe same size as the end squares 56 (FIG. 4) since, unlikethe lower sprocket 64, trans- ,verse shifting is not needed. Preferably, the upper and lower sprockets are of equal diameter so that as the 'arm'8 (and its associated upper sprocket 66) and vertical arm 6 are angularly deflected with respect to the transverse shaft 10 (and its associated lower sprocket 64), the upper sprocket 66 is angularly deflected an equal amount inthe opposite direction thereby maintaining the predetermined vertical orientation of the vertical arm 6. It should be understood that other parallel action mechanisms, such as parallelogram connections, known in the art,'may also be used so that the vertical orientation of the vertical arm 6 is preserved throughout its movement.

In the form shown, the vertical arm 6 is a tubular member with a transverse pivotal connection at its lower end and a longitudinal pivotal connection at its upper end. The lower end is bifurcated to provide inner and outer legs 70 and 72, respectively, which abut and bearingly engage the inner and outer bosses 50 and 52 of the rotatable arm 8. Each of these legs has a square aperture for receiving the respective square headed end 56 of the shaft 54. Through the use of this interconnection and the lock pins 58, the vertical arm 6 is securely fastened to the shaft 54 and its associated upper sprocket 66. The lower end portion 74 of the vertical arm 6 which interconnects the legs 70 and 72 is spaced from the upper end of the rotatable arm 8 and is concavely configured in side elevation to provide clearance between the convex access cover 62 and itself.

The upper end of the vertical arm 6 is provided with a pivot 76 whose axis of rotation extends horizontally 'and longitudinally of the vehicle so that the crossmem- (not shown) mounted on the vertical arm 6 which fits into a pair of angularly spaced apertures or depressions in the crossmember 4 (not shown). In this way the crossmember may be releasably locked in either a vertical position or a position which is depressed 60 from the vertical. To prevent rotational travel beyond these releasable locking points a limiting stop, such as is known in the art, should be provided at each limit of the arms travel. The pad support crossmember 4 is mounted on pivot 76 for rotation in a transversely extending vertical plane so that it can swing parallel to the general plane of the occupants torso. In its preferred form, the crossmember 4 is bifurcated or Y-shaped with upper andlower supports, 78 and 80, respectively, attaching the restraint pad 2 to the crossmember 4. The upper support 78 follows the general axis of the crossmember while the lower support 80 diverges outwardly away from this axis so that the upper ends of the supports 78 and 80 attach to the pad 2 at spaced points on the pads periphery. Each of these supports 78 and 80 provide convenient hand grips for moving the device 1. Preferably, a clutch actuation switch 81 is mounted at the junction of the supports 78 and 80 with a switch lever 82 extending along the lower edge of the support 80 to provide convenient actuation of the clutch 12. This construction permits single hand use of the device 1.

The restraint pad 2 is preferably made of a resilient material, such as foam rubber, with a circular configuration when viewed in front elevation. In side elevation, the front, or proximal surface 84 to the occupant O is convex and the rear surface 86 is concave to gradually cushion and restrain the impact of the occupant. A circular reinforcement ring 88 is embedded into the distal surface of the pad to preserve its circular configuration and provide mounting points for the crossmember 4. Preferably, the pad 2 has a rotatable handgrip 90 which the occupant can grasp. As shown, this grip 90 extends across'the interior of the concavity formed by the surface 86 and slides on the reinforcing ring 88.

In a typical operation of the device 1, the device 1 is initially positioned in a retracted position (FIG. 2, dotted line showing) with the restraint pad 2 located to the ward the occupant slightly above his outershoulder. In this position, the spring 18 has depressed the rotatable arm 8 about 45 from the vertical and the vertical arm 6, the crossmember 4 and the pad 2 are all vertically aligned and positioned. To use thedevice 1, the occupant grasps either the lower crossmember support 80 or the pad handgrip 90 and draws the pad 2 forward to a ready position (FIG. 2, dot-dash position) with the pad 2 at approximately the desired horizontal spacing from the transverse vertical plane crossing the front of his torso. In this position, the vertical arm 6, the crossmember 4, and the pad 2 are still vertically aligned, but the rotatable arm 8 has been rotated forward against the force of spring 18. The clutch 12 has not yetbeen actuated so that release of the handgrip by the occupant would allow the device to return to its retracted position. Next, the occupant pivots the pad 2 and crossmember 4 transversely down to put the pad 2 in its lowest position and makes the final adjustment of the horizontal spacing between the pad 2 and his torso. With the pad 2 and crossmember 4 in this final position he actuates the clutch actuating switch 81, thereby locking the clutch 12 and the rotatable arm 8 in position.

, If, while riding, the occupant should desire to temporarily remove the restraint, he need only lift the pad 2 back into the ready position. He can then return the pad to its adjusted positionwithout further adjustment. A suitable warning system can be provided to prevent operation of the vehicle without the restraint pad 2 being down in position to protect the rider's torso.

To retract the device 1 to its initial position, the occupant need only raise the pad 2 and crossmember 4 to the ready position and actuate the clutch actuating switch from the ready position. This releases the clutch and the pad 2 can be allowed to retract to the initial position using the force of the spring 18.

More specifically, FIG. 9 diagrammatically illustrates the electrical system for engaging and disengaging the electro-magnetic clutch 12. This system uses a locking type relay C which'has a coil A to engage the clutch 12 and a separate coil B to disengage the clutch 12. A twoposition master switch 91 is mounted at the juncture of the crossmember 4 and the vertical arm 6 so that rotation of the pad 2 and crossmember 4 will alternately permit actuation of either theengaging relay coil A or the disengaging relay coil B by the single hand switch 81. In a typical operation of the electrical systemwith the pad 2 in the ready position, the clutch 12 is disen' gaged. In this condition, a pivoted contact lever 92 is held over against the, disengaging relay coil B by a spring (not shown) with a clutch control contact 93 on its lower end out of electrical contact with clutch contact point 94. As the pad 2 and crossmember 4 are swung down to the restraint position (FIG. 9, dot-dash line showing), movable contact 95 attached to the engaging coil contact 96 in the master switch 91. When the electrical contacts-in the hand switch are closed,

such as by actuating the handlever 82, electrical en ergy flows from one pole of the vehicle's battery through the clutch engaging coil A, the engaging contacts 95 and 96, the hand switch 81, the stationary pivot contact 97 in the master switch 91, and back to the opposite pole of the battery, thereby energizing the shown), thereby breaking the contact between contacts a In FIGS. 4A and 10 there is bodiment of the present invention which provides an automatic positive restraint ofthe occupant on impact. In this embodiment an automatic restraint system120 senses an accident impact to the vehicle and increases the rearward directing force applied to the rotatable arm 8 while releasing the clutch l2. 1

In the form shown, the stationary collar 22' is modified so that the arm is used for attaching the collar 22' and shaft 10 to the vehicle and not for securingthe interior. end 19'. Instead theinterior end 19' is attached to an end plate or arm 122 mounted on the exterior end 1 of a rotatable sleeve 124. This sleeve 124is rotatable on the shaft 10 so that the torsion of spring 18 can be increased. The increased torsion is effected by a gear 126 mounted on the sleeve 124 being driven by a rack 128 powered by pneumaticcylinder130. On actuation crossmember 4 is moved into electrical contact'with an engaging relay coil A. This, causes the contact lever 92 t to be pulled away from 'relay coil 8 over to relay coil A where it is held bya'spring (not shown).iThis swinging brings the contact 93 into engagement with contact contacts in the hand switch 81 has no effect on the ated pad 2 rearwardto automatically positively restrain of the pneumatic cylinder 130, the rack 128 drives the gear 126, thereby rotating the sleeve 124 and increasing the torsion on the spring 18. The increased tension, in turn, increases the rearward force on the rotatable arm 8 and its associated restraint pad 2. By'this arrangement, the rearward fOl'CE of the restraint pad I gradually increases as the rack 128 travels through its throw and the ultimate force of the pad against the ocelectromechanical portion of the system 120.This portion also releases'the clutch 12 so that the increased tension of spring 18 will move the arm Sand its associ the occupant. j r r In the form shown this portion of the"system comprises at least one impact sensor 132, a dualfunction switch 134 for releasing theclutch 12 and actuating the cylinder 130, a source of pressurized air 136, a solenoid valve 138 for connecting the air source 136 to the cylclutch 12 which is locked in its engagedcondition until the pad 2 and crossmember 4 are again raised to the vertical ready position. v

In order to disengage the clutch 12,the occupant must raise the pad 2 and crossmember 4 to the aforesaid vertical ready position. In this position, the contact 95 has rotated to engage the disengaging contact 96' of the master switch 91. On actuation of the handswitch 81 in this position, electrical energy flows from one pole of the battery through the contacts 93 and 94 (which are still in contact).the relay coil B,the contacts 95 and 96', the engaging contacts of the hand switch 81, the pivot contact 97 and back to the opposite pole of the battery. This flow energizes the relay coil B, pulling the contact lever 92 away from relay coil A and toward relay coil B where itisheld by a spring (not pushed in. The force of an accident impact would crush inder 130 onactuation by switch 134, and the vehicle battery for supplying electrical energy to the appropriate foregoing components.

As shown, each sensor 132 comprisesa shield l 40- i which protects the sensor against accidental actuation, and a press fit or spring biased plunger 142 which closes. a pair of switching contacts (not shown) when or dent the shield l40and push in the plunger 142.

Preferably,a plurality of sensors 132 are disposed on sorshave been discussed, other appropriate sensingdeing its horizontal adjustment en'ergization and with a vices, such as proximity sensors could be used.

The dual function switch 134 is preferably constructed with a first pair of switching contacts 144 normally closed for controllingthe clutch 12 and preservshown a modified emsecond pair of switching contacts 146 which are normally open for controlling valve 138. On energization of a coil 148 by a sensor 132, contacts 144 are opened (de-energizing clutch 12) and contacts 146 closed (energizing valve 138). Preferably, the switch 134 is of a time delay type so'that after a predetermined period of energization, such as one to two seconds, contacts 146 re-open, thereby releasing the increasedrearward force v of the pad 2 so that the occupant can either leave the vehicle 'or resume operation of it. In addition, the switch 134 preferably is resettable so that the contacts 144 can be reclosed even with a sensor 132 actuated. This would permit use of the normal horizontal adjustment feature in operating the vehicle after an accident impact until the sensor was repaired or otherwise deactivated.

The valve 138 is preferably a spring return solenoid pneumatic valve so that high pressure air will flow through it only'du'rin'g its period of energization. High pressure air is selectively transmitted from source 136 to the cylinder 130 via this valve 138.

The cylinder 130 is preferably a single acting pneumatic cylinder with rack 128 attached to one face of its piston 150. The other face of the piston is provided with a stop 152 with a diameter less than that of the interior wall of the cylinder 130 so as to provide an annular space at the rear of the cylinder 130 for high pressure air to enter. The return of the racks de energized position is effected by the tension of spring 18 and the escape of air through a reduced diameter escape port in its horizontally adjusted restraint position, the following events would occur. On accident impact, a sensor 132 would be actuated. This would close'the circuit between'the actuated sensor 132, the battery, and the switch coil 148, thereby actuating coil 148. Actuation v of coil 148 would open contacts 144 and close contacts 146. The opening of contacts144 would break the circuit between the clutch 12, the'battery, the switch 134 and the'horizontal adjustment circuit shown in FIG. 9, thereby releasing the clutch 12..At'the same time, the closing of contacts l46-would close the circuit between the battery, the switch 134, and valve 138, thereby actuating valve 138. The actuation of valve 138 would, in turn, communicate the cylinder 130 with the source of pressurized air 136, thereby actuating the cylinder 130 and forcing the rack 128.0utwardly. Thismovement of the rack, via sleeve 124, increases the tension on spring 18. With the clutch .12 released, the arms 8, 6, and 4 and the pad 2 would move rearwardly from their restraint position until the pad 2 contacted the occupants torso. Since the racks movement and consequent springtension has just commenced, the pad 2 would contact the occupants torso at a relatively low force value. This would minimize impact shock from the pad 2. As the rack 128 continued its travel, the force of the pad 2 against the occupant would increase until maximum rack travel and force was reached and the occupant would be resiliently clamped in place. At a predetermined time after actuation of sensor 132, the time delay feature of switch 134 would de-activate the cylinder and the rack 128 and spring tension would return to their original condition. This would reduce the force of the pad against the occupant to its normal value so that the restraint pad 2 could be readily moved out of position.

While the device 1 of the present invention has been discussed utilizing an electromagnetic clutch (FIGS. 1, 3, and 4), a mechanical clutch 12, such as that shown in FIG. 3A, can be used where the automatic passive restraint is not desired. This clutch 12 utilizes a pair of cam action collars 100 and 102 to shiftthe friction disc 32 against a stationary plate 104 via transverse, shifting of the rotatable arm 8. In this form of the device 1, the annular collar 14' ismodified so that it extends from the interior face of the friction disc 32' to a point adjacent the end of the shaft 10. However, it is still rigidly fixed to the shaft 10 by lock pin 16. The collar 14' includes a reduced diameter portion 106 provided with a slot 107 for the sprocket key and an enlarged diameter portion 108 also provided with a slot 109. The enlarged diameter portion 108 extends outwardly from the outer face of the lower sprocket collar while the reduced diameter portion 106 extends inwardly from that point. I

By the foregoing arrangement and structure of the elements, there is provided an improved vehicle occupant restraint device. A restraint pad, disposed parallel to the general plane of the occupants torso, is placed in front of the occupant with a minimum of accompa nying supporting structure also being placed in front of the occupant. This reduces the possibility of both-entraprnent inan accident and injury by striking rigid supports. The aforesaidparallel attitude ofthe pad is also preserved throughout the adjustment of the horizontal spacing between the occupant and the pad; Thepad can be readily swung away from in front of the occupant, such as to pay a toll, and returned to its restraining position without affecting the horizontal adjustment. In fact, horizontal adjustment can be effected onlyafter swinging the pad out of the way, thereby preventing accidental disengagement andforward movement of the pad when it is in the restraint position. To facilitate rotation of the pad and crossmember out of the way, three handgrips are provided-one on the-pad, and two on the crossmember. The swiveling, pad handgrip is at a convenient shoulder height so that, where a mechanical clutch is used, one hand can grasp the handgrip to draw the pad down into positionand hold it, utilizing the swivel action to avoid changing the grip,

, which an automatic system for positive restraint of the occupant is provided, further improvements are effected. Since the restraint pad'is already in close proxbetween the accident event and the application of restraint. The maximum restraining force is developed after the pad has contacted the occupant and not before. Since the restraint force is applied by resilient spring pressure and the pad itself has a resilient construction, the occupant is resiliently held in place during an accident. Further, where the drive and passengers in the front or rear of a vehicle have independant electrically positioned restraints, the vehicle can be wired so that any one impact sensor can simultaneously automate all of the aforesaid restraints. Still further, if for any reason the automatic system should fail, the pad 2 would still be in its restraint position to act as a fail safe restraint.

The terms and expressions which have been used are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and descriptions of excluding any equivalents of any of the features shown and described, or portions thereof, and it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention claims.

I claim:

1. A vehicle safety device adapted for restraining a vehicle occupant from movement comprising:

a resilient restraint pad;

a transversely extending rigid support arm for supporting said pad; and

a horizontal adjustment mechanism for adjustably.

positioning said pad in front of and in proximity with a vehicle occupants torso;

said pad being attached to the transverse support arm, and

said adjustment mechanism operatively connecting .said transverse support arm to said vehicle,

said adjustmentmechanism comprising,

. a transverse pivot,

a rotatable support assembly mounted on said pivot for rotation in a longitudinally extending, vertical plane, and V a a clutch mechanism coacting between said pivot and said rotatable support assembly for releasably locking the support assembly with respect to said pivot,

said rotatable support assembly comprising a rotatable support arm pivotally mounted on one end for rotation on said pivotin said longitudinally extending vertical plane;

a vertical support arm mounted at one endto said rotatable supportarm and at the other end to said transverse support arm; and

means for maintaining said vertical arm in a vertical orientation'throughout movement of said rotatable support assembly in said vertical plane.

2. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein said pivot is fixedly attached to the occupants seat assembly.

3. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein said transverse support arm is provided with a handgrip, and g I a clutch actuation means is mounted on said transverse support arm in proximity with the handgrip to permit movement of the transverse support arm and actuation of the clutch mechanism by a single hand.

4. A safety device according to'claim 1, wherein said horizontal adjustment mechanism is disposed longitudinally of the occupant between the occupant's torso and the vehicle's exterior.

5. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein said means for maintaining said vertical arm in a vertical orientation comprises a planetary action mechanism coacting between said transverse pivot and said vertical arm.

6. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein said transverse support arm is pivotallymounted on said other end of said vertical support arm for rotation in a transversely extending, vertical plane. 7. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein 5 the general plane of saidrestraint pad is disposed in parallel relation to the general plane of the occupants torso, and Y a said horizontal adjustment mechanism preserves this orientation throughout its adjusting movements. 8. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein said restraint pad is provided with a rotatable'handgrip. a 9. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein said device includes I g sensing means for sensing a vehicle accident event, power means for moving said restraint'pad into contacting engagement with the occupant, and actuation means for actuating said power means upon the sensing of an accident event by said sensing means. r 7 10. A safetydevice according to claim 9, wherein said device includes means for releasing said horizontal adjustment mechanism to permit rearward movement of said pad. 11. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein said device includes sensing means for sensing a vehicle accident event, power means for moving said restraint pad into contacting engagement with the occupant,

actuation means for actuating said power means upon the sensing of an accident event by said sensing means, i i said actuation means including a switching means for releasing said clutch mechanism and contemporaneously actuaitng said power means upon the sensing of an accident event by said sensing means.

12. A safety device in accordance with claim 11,

wherein said power means includes a source of pressurized fluid, y

a fluid-operated-cylinder and piston with a rack fixed to said piston, 1

a control valve actuated by said switching means for selectively applying fluid to said cylinder and piston,

a gear rotatably mounted on said transverse pivot in driven relation to said rack, and

a torsion spring disposed with one end in driving relation to said rotatable support assembly and with the other end. in driven relation to said gear.

13. A safety device" in, accordance with claim 11,

porting said pad; I

a horizontal adjustment mechanism for adjustably positioning said pad in. front of and in proximity with the vehicle occupants torso;

said pad being attached to the transverse support arm, said adjustment mechanism operatively connecting said transverse support arm to said vehicle,

wherein said sensing means comprises an impact sensaid adjustment mechanism comprising,

a transverse pivot,

a rotatable support assembly pivotally mounted at one end for rotation on said pivot in a longitudinally extending, vertical plane and mounted at the other end to said transverse support arm and including an automatic orientation maintenance mechanism for preserving the general plane of said restraint pad in its generally parallel relation to the general transverse plane of the occupants torso throughout the operating movement of the rotatable support assembly, and

a clutch mechanism coacting between said pivot and said rotatable support assembly for releasably locking the support assembly with respect to said pivot.

15. A safety device according to claim 14, wherein said pivot is fixedly attached to the occupants seat assembly.

16. A safety device according to claim 14, wherein said transverse support arm is provided with a handgrip, and

a clutch actuation means is mounted on said transverse support arm in proximity with the handgrip to permit movement of the transverse support arm and actuation of the clutch mechanism by a single hand.

17. A safety device according to claim 14, wherein said horizontal adjustment mechanism is disposed longitudinally of the occupant between the occupants torso and the vehicles exterior.

18. A safety device according 'to claim 14, wherein said rotatable support assembly further includes a rotatable support arm pivotally mounted on one end for rotation on said pivot in said longitudinally extending, vertical plane; and

a vertical support arm mounted at one end to said rotatable support arm and at the other end to said transverse support arm.

19. A safety device according to claim 18, wherein said orientation maintenance mechanism comprises a planetary action mechanism coactingbetween said transverse pivot and said vertical arm for maintaining said vertical arm in a vertical orientation throughout movement of said rotatable support assembly in said vertical plane.

20. A safety device according to claim 18, wherein said transverse support arm is pivotally mounted on the other end of said vertical support arm for rotation in a transversely extending, vertical plane.

21. A safety device according to claim 14, wherein said restraint pad is provided with a rotatable handgrip.

22. A safety device according to claim 14, wherein said device includes sensing means for sensing a vehicle accident event,

power means for moving said restraint pad into contacting engagement with the occupant, and

actuation means for actuating said power means upon the sensing of an accident event by said sensing means.

23. A safety device according to claim 22, wherein said device includes means for releasing said horizontal adjustment mechanism to permit rearward movement of said pad. 24. A safety device according to claim 14, wherein said device includes sensing means for sensing a vehicle accident event,

power means for moving said restraint pad into contacting engagement with the occupant, actuation means for actuating said power means upon the sensing of an accident event by said sensing means,

said actuation means including a switching means for releasing said clutch mechanism and contemporaneously actuating said power means upon the sensing of an accident event by said sensing means.

25. A safety device in accordance with claim 24, wherein said power means includes a source of pressurized fluid,

a fluid-operated cylinder and piston with a rack fixed to said piston,

a control valve actuated by said switching means for selectively applying fluid to said cylinder and piston,

a gear rotatably mounted on said transverse pivot in driven relation to said rack, and

a torsion spring disposed with one end in driving relation to said rotatable support assembly and with the other end in driven relation to said gear.

26. A safety device in accordance with claim 22, wherein said sensing means comprises an impact sensor.

27. A safety device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the transverse pivot comprises a pivot shaft disposed transversely below the vehicle occupant.

28. A safety device in accordance with claim 26,

wherein one end of said pivot shaft is fixedly secured to the vehicle, and

the rotatable support assembly is rotatably mounted on the other end of said pivot shaft.

29. A safety device in accordance with claim 26,

wherein a spring means urges the rotatable support arm rearwardly.

30. A safety device in accordance with claim 26,

wherein said spring means comprises a helical torsion spring mounted in encompassing relation on said pivot shaft,

one end of said torsion spring being movable and engaging the rotatable support arm to urge the rotatable support arm rearwardly, and

the other end of said spring being rotationally fixed.

31. A safety device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the longitudinally extending, vertical plane of the rotatable support assembly is generally perpendicular to the general transverse plane of the vehicle occupants torso.

32; A safety device in accordance with claim 6,

wherein the clutch mechanism comprises a rotationally movable friction surface mounted on the rotatable support assembly, and a rotationally fixed friction surface mounted on said transverse pivot.

33. A safety device in accordance with claim 32,

wherein 4 6 the rotationally movable friction surface is a magnetizable friction pad and the rotationally fixed friction surface comprises an electromagnetic clutch.

34. A safety device in accordance with claim 6, the device includes a forward stop means to limit forward rotational movement of the rotatable support assembly.

35. A safety device in accordance with claim 34,

wherein the forward stop means comprises a rigid stop bracket to limit forward rotational movement, and

a resilient stop which resiliently resists forward rotational movement of the support assembly until the rigid stop bracket isengaged.

36. A safety device in accordance with claim 6, wherein, i r

the device comprises a rear stop means to limit rearward rotational movement of the rotatable support assembly.

37. A safety device in accordance with claim 7, wherein 1 the planetary action mechanism comprises a first sprocket mounted on said transverse pivot and fixed against rotation,

a second sprocket mounted to the vertical support arm and fixed against rotation with respect thereto, and V a chain interconnecting the first and second sprockets,

the first and second sprockets being of generally equal diameter.

38. A safety device in accordance with claim 6,

wherein a "the vertical support arm comprises a pair of spaced, limiting stop means which limit transverse rotation of the transverse support arm between two angularly spaced points.

39. A safety device in accordance with claim 38, wherein the vertical support arm comprises a pair of releasable locking means for releasably locking the transverse support arm at each of "saidpoints. 1 N

40. A safety device in accordance with claim 6,

wherein the transverse support arm is bifurcated to provide an upper support and a lower support,

the upper and lower support being attached to the restraint pad at spaced points on the side periphcry of the restraint pad.

41. A safety device in accordance with claim 6, wherein the restraint padcomprises resilient, occupant-engaging material disposed proximally to the occupant and a reinforcement disposed distally to the occupant, the transverse support arm being attached to thereinforcement. 42. A safety device in accordance with claim 41, wherein Y the reinforcement is a circular ring, the proximal surface of the occupant-engaging material is convex, and 1 the distal surface of the occupant-engaging material is concave. 43. A safety device according to claim 7, wherein said planetary action mechanism is disposed within said rotatable support arm.

44. A safety device according to claim 39, wherein said rotatable support assembly is transversely movable on said transverse pivot so as to permit the rotationally movable friction surface mounted on said assembly to shift transversely into engagement with the rotationally fixed friction surface on actuation of said clutch mechanism. a 45. A safety device in. accordance with claim 11 wherein said sensing means comprises a proximity sensor. r a

46. A safety device in accordance with claim 14 wherein, a first fluid transmission line operatively connects said source of pressurized fluid to said control valve, and

a second fluid transmission line operatively connects I said control valve to said cylinder and piston.

47. A safety device in accordance with claim 53' wherein said. pistonlhas an interior face provided with a] stop having a diameter less than the internal diameter of the cylinder to provide an annular space. 48. A safety device in accordance with claim 46 wherein said cylinder is provided with a fluid escapeport, and the rate of fluid entering said cylinder during application of fluid to said cylinder is greater than the rate appliable support. assembly and being adaptedtotrans- ,versely shift said friction surfaces into engagement with each other, I

one of said collars being rotationally movableand the other of said collars beingrotationally fixed and transversely movable,

said stop limiting movement of said collars in one direction.

50. A safety device in accordance'with claim 11, wherein said sensing means comprises a proximity sensor for sensing an. imminent vehicle accident event.

51. A safety device in accordance with claim 11 wherein a said sensing means comprises a plurality of sensors,

said sensors beingconnectedfor actuation of said actuation means independently of each other.

52. A safety device according to claim 13, wherein said switching means is pr'ovided with a time delay means which de-activates said power means after a predetermined period of actuation of said power means.

53.. A safety device according to claim 13, wherein said switching means is resettable to permit activation of said clutch mechanism while a sensing means is actuated. '54. A safety device according to claim 6, wherein said transverse support arm is pivotally mounted to said vertical support arm to permit said transverse support arm and said restraint pad to rotate into an upright position disposed between the occupants seat assembly and the vehicle interior surface and said rotatable support assembly is disposed between the occupants seat assembly and the vehicle s interior surface to permit rotational movement of said pad and said transverse support arm to the rear of 5 clutch mechanism upon actuation of said hand switch to a second position which connects said second coil to said hand switch to permit disengagement of said clutch mechanism upon actuation of said hand switch. 56. A safety device according to claim 55, wherein said transverse support arm is pivotally mounted on said other end of said vertical support arm for rotation in a transversely extending, vertical plane; and said master switch is connected to said transverse support arm so that rotation of said transverse support arm downwardly into a position in front of the occupant places said switch in said first position and sothat rotation of said transverse support arm upward into a position to the side of the occupant places said switch in said second position.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3 a 330 I Dated June 26, 19-73 Inventor(s) James Monaghan It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 3, line 39, delete the five sentences starting with "The inner face 110" and ending in column 3, line 59 with "arm Column 10, line 23, insert the five sentences which are to be'deleted from column 3, lines 39 to 59, as apart of the paragraph which ends in column 10, line 23,

Column 14, line 30, change "26" to 27 line 36, change "26" to 27 line 40, change "26" t0 29 line 55, change "6" to l Column 15, line 1, change "6" to l line l3, change "6" to 1- 1 line 18, change '7" vto 5 line 30, change "6" to l line 42, change "6" to l line 50,,change "6" to l line 65, change "7" to 5 Column 16, line 1, change "39" to 32 line 8, change "11 to 9 line 11, change "14" to l2 line 18, change "53" to 46 line 30, change "39" to '32 line 46, change "11" to 9 line 49, change "11''. to 9 line 54,

change "13" to 11 line 59, change "13" to 11 line 63,

change "6" to l Column 17, line 7, change "6" to -l Signed and sealedthis 8th day of January 19714;.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETC-HER,JR. a RENE D. TEGTMEYER v Attesting Officer Acting; Commissioner of Patents USCOMM'DC 60376-P69 mm PO-105O (10-69) 

1. A vehicle safety device adapted for restraining a vehicle occupant from movement comprising: a resilient restraint pad; a transversely extending rigid support arm for supporting said pad; and a horizontal adjustment mechanism for adjustably positioning said pad in front of and in proximity with a vehicle occupant''s torso; said pad being attached to the transverse support arm, and said adjustment mechanism operatively connecting said transverse support arm to said vehicle, said adjustment mechanism comprising, a transverse pivot, a rotatable support assembly mounted on said pivot for rotation in a longitudinally extending, vertical plane, and a clutch mechanism coacting between said pivot and said rotatable support assembly for releasably locking the support assembly with respect to said pivot, said rotatable support assembly comprising a rotatable support arm pivotally mounted on one end for rotation on said pivot in said longitudinally extending vertical plane; a vertical support arm mounted at one end to said rotatable support arm and at the other end to said transverse support arm; and means for maintaining said vertical arm in a vertical orientation throughout movement of said rotatable support assembly in said vertical plane.
 2. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein said pivot is fixedly attached to the occupant''s seat assembly.
 3. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein said transverse support arm is provided with a handgrip, and a clutch actuation means is mounted on said transverse support arm in proximity with the handgrip to permit movement of the transverse support arm and actuation of the clutch mechanism by a single hand.
 4. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein said horizontal adjustment mechanism is disposed longitudinally of the occupant between the occupant''s torso and the vehicle''s exterior.
 5. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein said means for maintaining said vertical arm in a vertical orientation comprises a planetary action mechanism coacting between said transverse pivot and said vertical arm.
 6. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein said transverse support arm is pivotally mounted on said other end of said vertical support arm for rotation in a transversely extending, vertical plane.
 7. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein the general plane of said restraint pad is disposed in parallel relation to the general plane of the occupant''s torso, and said horizontal adjustment mechanism preserves this orientation throughout its adjusting movements.
 8. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein said restraint pad is provided with a rotatable handgrip.
 9. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein said device includes sensing means for sensing a vehicle accident event, power means for moving said restraint pad into contacting engagement with the occupant, and actuation means for actuating said power means upon the sensing of an accident Event by said sensing means.
 10. A safety device according to claim 9, wherein said device includes means for releasing said horizontal adjustment mechanism to permit rearward movement of said pad.
 11. A safety device according to claim 1, wherein said device includes sensing means for sensing a vehicle accident event, power means for moving said restraint pad into contacting engagement with the occupant, actuation means for actuating said power means upon the sensing of an accident event by said sensing means, said actuation means including a switching means for releasing said clutch mechanism and contemporaneously actuaitng said power means upon the sensing of an accident event by said sensing means.
 12. A safety device in accordance with claim 11, wherein said power means includes a source of pressurized fluid, a fluid-operated cylinder and piston with a rack fixed to said piston, a control valve actuated by said switching means for selectively applying fluid to said cylinder and piston, a gear rotatably mounted on said transverse pivot in driven relation to said rack, and a torsion spring disposed with one end in driving relation to said rotatable support assembly and with the other end in driven relation to said gear.
 13. A safety device in accordance with claim 11, wherein said sensing means comprises an impact sensor.
 14. A vehicle safety device adapted for restraining a vehicle occupant from movement comprising: a resilient restraint pad; the general plane of said restraint pad being disposed in generally parallel relation to the general transverse plane of the occupant''s torso; a transversely extending rigid support arm for supporting said pad; a horizontal adjustment mechanism for adjustably positioning said pad in front of and in proximity with the vehicle occupant''s torso; said pad being attached to the transverse support arm, said adjustment mechanism operatively connecting said transverse support arm to said vehicle, said adjustment mechanism comprising, a transverse pivot, a rotatable support assembly pivotally mounted at one end for rotation on said pivot in a longitudinally extending, vertical plane and mounted at the other end to said transverse support arm and including an automatic orientation maintenance mechanism for preserving the general plane of said restraint pad in its generally parallel relation to the general transverse plane of the occupant''s torso throughout the operating movement of the rotatable support assembly, and a clutch mechanism coacting between said pivot and said rotatable support assembly for releasably locking the support assembly with respect to said pivot.
 15. A safety device according to claim 14, wherein said pivot is fixedly attached to the occupant''s seat assembly.
 16. A safety device according to claim 14, wherein said transverse support arm is provided with a handgrip, and a clutch actuation means is mounted on said transverse support arm in proximity with the handgrip to permit movement of the transverse support arm and actuation of the clutch mechanism by a single hand.
 17. A safety device according to claim 14, wherein said horizontal adjustment mechanism is disposed longitudinally of the occupant between the occupant''s torso and the vehicle''s exterior.
 18. A safety device according to claim 14, wherein said rotatable support assembly further includes a rotatable support arm pivotally mounted on one end for rotation on said pivot in said longitudinally extending, vertical plane; and a vertical support arm mounted at one end to said rotatable support arm and at the other end to said transverse support arm.
 19. A safety device according to claim 18, wherein said orientation maintenance mechanism comprises a planetary action mechanism coacting between said transverse pivot and said vertical arm for maintaining said vertical arm in a vertical orientaTion throughout movement of said rotatable support assembly in said vertical plane.
 20. A safety device according to claim 18, wherein said transverse support arm is pivotally mounted on the other end of said vertical support arm for rotation in a transversely extending, vertical plane.
 21. A safety device according to claim 14, wherein said restraint pad is provided with a rotatable handgrip.
 22. A safety device according to claim 14, wherein said device includes sensing means for sensing a vehicle accident event, power means for moving said restraint pad into contacting engagement with the occupant, and actuation means for actuating said power means upon the sensing of an accident event by said sensing means.
 23. A safety device according to claim 22, wherein said device includes means for releasing said horizontal adjustment mechanism to permit rearward movement of said pad.
 24. A safety device according to claim 14, wherein said device includes sensing means for sensing a vehicle accident event, power means for moving said restraint pad into contacting engagement with the occupant, actuation means for actuating said power means upon the sensing of an accident event by said sensing means, said actuation means including a switching means for releasing said clutch mechanism and contemporaneously actuating said power means upon the sensing of an accident event by said sensing means.
 25. A safety device in accordance with claim 24, wherein said power means includes a source of pressurized fluid, a fluid-operated cylinder and piston with a rack fixed to said piston, a control valve actuated by said switching means for selectively applying fluid to said cylinder and piston, a gear rotatably mounted on said transverse pivot in driven relation to said rack, and a torsion spring disposed with one end in driving relation to said rotatable support assembly and with the other end in driven relation to said gear.
 26. A safety device in accordance with claim 22, wherein said sensing means comprises an impact sensor.
 27. A safety device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the transverse pivot comprises a pivot shaft disposed transversely below the vehicle occupant.
 28. A safety device in accordance with claim 26, wherein one end of said pivot shaft is fixedly secured to the vehicle, and the rotatable support assembly is rotatably mounted on the other end of said pivot shaft.
 29. A safety device in accordance with claim 26, wherein a spring means urges the rotatable support arm rearwardly.
 30. A safety device in accordance with claim 26, wherein said spring means comprises a helical torsion spring mounted in encompassing relation on said pivot shaft, one end of said torsion spring being movable and engaging the rotatable support arm to urge the rotatable support arm rearwardly, and the other end of said spring being rotationally fixed.
 31. A safety device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the longitudinally extending, vertical plane of the rotatable support assembly is generally perpendicular to the general transverse plane of the vehicle occupant''s torso.
 32. A safety device in accordance with claim 6, wherein the clutch mechanism comprises a rotationally movable friction surface mounted on the rotatable support assembly, and a rotationally fixed friction surface mounted on said transverse pivot.
 33. A safety device in accordance with claim 32, wherein the rotationally movable friction surface is a magnetizable friction pad and the rotationally fixed friction surface comprises an electromagnetic clutch.
 34. A safety device in accordance with claim 6, the device includes a forward stop means to limit forward rotational movement of the rotatable support assembly.
 35. A safety device in accordance with claim 34, wherein the forward stop means comprises a rigid stop bracket to limit forwArd rotational movement, and a resilient stop which resiliently resists forward rotational movement of the support assembly until the rigid stop bracket is engaged.
 36. A safety device in accordance with claim 6, wherein the device comprises a rear stop means to limit rearward rotational movement of the rotatable support assembly.
 37. A safety device in accordance with claim 7, wherein the planetary action mechanism comprises a first sprocket mounted on said transverse pivot and fixed against rotation, a second sprocket mounted to the vertical support arm and fixed against rotation with respect thereto, and a chain interconnecting the first and second sprockets, the first and second sprockets being of generally equal diameter.
 38. A safety device in accordance with claim 6, wherein the vertical support arm comprises a pair of spaced, limiting stop means which limit transverse rotation of the transverse support arm between two angularly spaced points.
 39. A safety device in accordance with claim 38, wherein the vertical support arm comprises a pair of releasable locking means for releasably locking the transverse support arm at each of said points.
 40. A safety device in accordance with claim 6, wherein the transverse support arm is bifurcated to provide an upper support and a lower support, the upper and lower support being attached to the restraint pad at spaced points on the side periphery of the restraint pad.
 41. A safety device in accordance with claim 6, wherein the restraint pad comprises resilient, occupant-engaging material disposed proximally to the occupant and a reinforcement disposed distally to the occupant, the transverse support arm being attached to the reinforcement.
 42. A safety device in accordance with claim 41, wherein the reinforcement is a circular ring, the proximal surface of the occupant-engaging material is convex, and the distal surface of the occupant-engaging material is concave.
 43. A safety device according to claim 7, wherein said planetary action mechanism is disposed within said rotatable support arm.
 44. A safety device according to claim 39, wherein said rotatable support assembly is transversely movable on said transverse pivot so as to permit the rotationally movable friction surface mounted on said assembly to shift transversely into engagement with the rotationally fixed friction surface on actuation of said clutch mechanism.
 45. A safety device in accordance with claim 11 wherein said sensing means comprises a proximity sensor.
 46. A safety device in accordance with claim 14 wherein, a first fluid transmission line operatively connects said source of pressurized fluid to said control valve, and a second fluid transmission line operatively connects said control valve to said cylinder and piston.
 47. A safety device in accordance with claim 53 wherein said piston has an interior face provided with a stop having a diameter less than the internal diameter of the cylinder to provide an annular space.
 48. A safety device in accordance with claim 46 wherein said cylinder is provided with a fluid escape port, and the rate of fluid entering said cylinder during application of fluid to said cylinder is greater than the rate of fluid exiting through said port during said application.
 49. A safety device in accordance with claim 39 wherein said transverse pivot includes a stop disposed on one end and fixed against transverse shifting movement, said rotatable support being disposed between said stop and said rotationally fixed friction surface, and said clutch mechanism includes a pair of camming collars disposed between said stop and said rotatable support assembly and being adapted to transversely shift said friction surfaces into engagement with each other, one of said collars being rotationally movable and the other of said collars bEing rotationally fixed and transversely movable, said stop limiting movement of said collars in one direction.
 50. A safety device in accordance with claim 11, wherein said sensing means comprises a proximity sensor for sensing an imminent vehicle accident event.
 51. A safety device in accordance with claim 11, wherein said sensing means comprises a plurality of sensors, said sensors being connected for actuation of said actuation means independently of each other.
 52. A safety device according to claim 13, wherein said switching means is provided with a time delay means which de-activates said power means after a predetermined period of actuation of said power means.
 53. A safety device according to claim 13, wherein said switching means is resettable to permit activation of said clutch mechanism while a sensing means is actuated.
 54. A safety device according to claim 6, wherein said transverse support arm is pivotally mounted to said vertical support arm to permit said transverse support arm and said restraint pad to rotate into an upright position disposed between the occupant''s seat assembly and the vehicle''s interior surface and said rotatable support assembly is disposed between the occupant''s seat assembly and the vehicle''s interior surface to permit rotational movement of said pad and said transverse support arm to the rear of the occupant.
 55. A safety device according to claim 6 including a clutch operating means which comprises a hand switch, a relay assembly operably connected to said hand switch and including a first coil for causing engagement of said clutch mechanism and a second coil for causing disengagement of said clutch mechanism, and a master switch operably connected to said hand switch and said relay assembly and being movable from a first position which connects said first coil to said hand switch to permit engagement of said clutch mechanism upon actuation of said hand switch to a second position which connects said second coil to said hand switch to permit disengagement of said clutch mechanism upon actuation of said hand switch.
 56. A safety device according to claim 55, wherein said transverse support arm is pivotally mounted on said other end of said vertical support arm for rotation in a transversely extending, vertical plane; and said master switch is connected to said transverse support arm so that rotation of said transverse support arm downwardly into a position in front of the occupant places said switch in said first position and so that rotation of said transverse support arm upward into a position to the side of the occupant places said switch in said second position. 